Web 2.0 - Media is now created by the consumers
- Active to passive audience
- Consumers to prosumers
Easier for audiences - quicker to update, easier to access, more content
Easier for institutions - cheaper for businesses, audience feedback, advertising, more money with ads
Internet news is more popular than print news.
Newspapers keep holding onto the past - fear of change. People want quicker access to the news and on the go, technology makes this easier. Advertisers can advertise online for free.
The Times
Who owns this newspaper?
Rupert Murdoch
What are the circulation figures for the print version of this newspaper?
417,298
What are the browsing figures for the online version of this newspaper?
874,000
In what ways does the website try to mimic the print edition of the newspaper?
Both the website and the print version use a similar house style, the fonts are the same and the website uses the same masthead. The website also has a similar layout to the print newspaper as they don't use the full length of the website page, however, it is much more compact to fit more stories on the page.
Who advertises in the print edition of this newspaper?
Advertisements for clothing, houses and restaurants.
Who advertises on the online site of this newspaper?
There are no advertisements.
Changes in social contexts and technological advances have caused a long term decline of national newspapers. The increased popularity of the internet has caused a huge change in the way that we receive information. Information is now easily accessed which has caused a large shift in the position of newspapers. Newspapers are now a lot less useful than they were a couple of years ago and is shown in the decline of newspaper circulation. The internet now means that news travels much faster by people and although news websites help share news stories, social media is now the biggest and easiest way to share news and other information which continues to make newspapers redundant as their website counterparts can be easily accessed for free.
The Telegraph, for example, has a print circulation of 363,183 (December 2018) compared to its website counterpart which in August 2019 had 72,800,000 visitors. Clearly, creating a website has substantially increased the viewership of The Telegraph.
Social contexts have also caused a decline of national newspaper popularity and sales.
Friday, September 27, 2019
Monday, September 23, 2019
Newspaper Analysis
Britain was once a mighty Empire.
Joined EU in 1973.
EU heavily criticised.
In 2016, the British public voted to leave.
D.R.I
Deconstruct media language of the text
Representations within the main story
How does all of this link to the paper's ideology (attitudes and beliefs)?
To what extent do the elements of media language used in Sources A and B convey different values, attitudes and beliefs about the world?
In your answer you must:
- analyse the ways in which media language has been used in combination in sources A and B to convey values, attitudes and beliefs about the world
- refer to relevant contexts and academic ideas and arguments in your analysis and draw judgments and conclusions
Both sources convey the same story in very different ways. Source A is a far-right tabloid whilst Source is a left-of-centre broadsheet. Both sources present differing sides to the same story, with Source A taking a more defensive stance to the story, while Source B presents a more threatening attack-like stance. They cover a story on Brexit, which is the decision for Britain to leave the EU.
Source A uses the headline 'HANDS OFF OUR ELECTION' which suggests that Theresa May is defending her country and presents the EU as our enemy. 'HANDS OFF' is very colloquial and suggests that the EU is meddling with Brexit, it also reflects the newspaper's political stance on Brexit. The use of the word 'OUR' is inclusive and also suggests that she is fighting for our country.
Source B uses the headline 'May declares war on Brussels' which suggests that May has turned into a tyrant and has threatened Brussels and the EU because they won't do what she wants. This, accompanied by the image used, presents May as dangerous and threatening as she is addressing the reader by using direct eye contact.
Source A uses a proud picture of Theresa May to show that she is standing up for our country and again conveys the EU as the enemy. This, combined with the headline, paints a very patriotic picture of May and how she is dealing with Brexit.
Source B also has another story shown in the top that talks about 'The six Brexit traps that will defeat Theresa May', this title contradicts the headline of the newspaper which suggests that the source doesn't support the Conservative Party. This would suggest that the newspaper supports the Labour Party and explains why they include stories about remaining in the EU and avoiding Brexit.
In conclusion, both sources convey different attitudes towards Theresa May and Brexit, which is conveyed through their choice of headlines, stories on the front cover and images used.
Joined EU in 1973.
EU heavily criticised.
In 2016, the British public voted to leave.
D.R.I
Deconstruct media language of the text
Representations within the main story
How does all of this link to the paper's ideology (attitudes and beliefs)?
To what extent do the elements of media language used in Sources A and B convey different values, attitudes and beliefs about the world?
In your answer you must:
- analyse the ways in which media language has been used in combination in sources A and B to convey values, attitudes and beliefs about the world
- refer to relevant contexts and academic ideas and arguments in your analysis and draw judgments and conclusions
Both sources convey the same story in very different ways. Source A is a far-right tabloid whilst Source is a left-of-centre broadsheet. Both sources present differing sides to the same story, with Source A taking a more defensive stance to the story, while Source B presents a more threatening attack-like stance. They cover a story on Brexit, which is the decision for Britain to leave the EU.
Source A uses the headline 'HANDS OFF OUR ELECTION' which suggests that Theresa May is defending her country and presents the EU as our enemy. 'HANDS OFF' is very colloquial and suggests that the EU is meddling with Brexit, it also reflects the newspaper's political stance on Brexit. The use of the word 'OUR' is inclusive and also suggests that she is fighting for our country.
Source B uses the headline 'May declares war on Brussels' which suggests that May has turned into a tyrant and has threatened Brussels and the EU because they won't do what she wants. This, accompanied by the image used, presents May as dangerous and threatening as she is addressing the reader by using direct eye contact.
Source A uses a proud picture of Theresa May to show that she is standing up for our country and again conveys the EU as the enemy. This, combined with the headline, paints a very patriotic picture of May and how she is dealing with Brexit.
Source B also has another story shown in the top that talks about 'The six Brexit traps that will defeat Theresa May', this title contradicts the headline of the newspaper which suggests that the source doesn't support the Conservative Party. This would suggest that the newspaper supports the Labour Party and explains why they include stories about remaining in the EU and avoiding Brexit.
In conclusion, both sources convey different attitudes towards Theresa May and Brexit, which is conveyed through their choice of headlines, stories on the front cover and images used.
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
Representation
Representation refers to the 'construction' of media texts; what we see is a representation of events, people or ideas. This is also known as mediation - 'the act of going between' (in this case, between the real world and audiences).
It is not possible for the media to present the world as it really is because the media constructs meanings about the world.
Dominant - The hegemonic response, people share the code and preferred meaning.
Negotiated - They accept what the text is saying and adapt it according to their social background.
Oppositional - They understand, but they reject the message.
Daily Mirror - Oppositional
Meaning is established by representation, by what is present, what is absent, and what is different.
Thus, meaning can be contested.
A representation implicates the audience in creating its meaning.
Power - through ideology or by stereotyping - tries to fix the meaning of a representation in a 'preferred meaning'.
There are 3 steps in the journey between the real world and the reality presented by newspapers: their representation.
- Selection
- Omission
- Construction
Newspapers and reporters are supposed to provide their readers with:
- Objective information
- Unbiased
- Reliable information
Key Terminology
- Ideology
- Discourse
- Ideological Discourse
- Dominant Ideology
- Hegemony (Gramsci)
It is not possible for the media to present the world as it really is because the media constructs meanings about the world.
Dominant - The hegemonic response, people share the code and preferred meaning.
Negotiated - They accept what the text is saying and adapt it according to their social background.
Oppositional - They understand, but they reject the message.
Daily Mirror - Oppositional
Meaning is established by representation, by what is present, what is absent, and what is different.
Thus, meaning can be contested.
A representation implicates the audience in creating its meaning.
Power - through ideology or by stereotyping - tries to fix the meaning of a representation in a 'preferred meaning'.
There are 3 steps in the journey between the real world and the reality presented by newspapers: their representation.
- Selection
- Omission
- Construction
Newspapers and reporters are supposed to provide their readers with:
- Objective information
- Unbiased
- Reliable information
Key Terminology
- Ideology
- Discourse
- Ideological Discourse
- Dominant Ideology
- Hegemony (Gramsci)
Monday, September 16, 2019
How Is A Newspaper Article Structured?
5 W's
- Who
- What
- Where
- When
- Why
All stories have a headline.
Tabloids often have puns or other techniques.
The introduction details what the story is about.
Most news stories have quotes from people involved or bystanders.
Negativity - Bad news is good news.
Familiarity - Local news is most relevant.
Immediacy - New news is news.
Continuity - People want to find out more about things in the public eye. They want updates on existing news stories.
Amplification - Is it a big event? Involves lots of people? Plane crash kills one or plane crash destroys city - what's more exciting?
Unambiguity - Is it clear and definite?
Uniqueness - 'Man bites dog' is more exciting than 'dog bites man'.
Simplicity - A simple story is easier to read.
Personalisation - Human interest draws on heart strings.
Predictability - Did people think there would be a riot and there was? People love knowing they were right.
Unexpectedness - Surprise.
Elite Nations / People - Celebs, Royals, US and UK.
Negativity - Man dies.
Familiarity - Local man dies.
Immediacy - Man just dies.
Continuity - Man still dies.
Amplification -
Unambiguity - Man dies.
Uniqueness -
Simplicity - Man dies.
Personalisation - Nice man dies.
Predictability -
Unexpectedness -
Elite Nations / People - Famous man dies.
- Who
- What
- Where
- When
- Why
All stories have a headline.
Tabloids often have puns or other techniques.
The introduction details what the story is about.
Most news stories have quotes from people involved or bystanders.
Negativity - Bad news is good news.
Familiarity - Local news is most relevant.
Immediacy - New news is news.
Continuity - People want to find out more about things in the public eye. They want updates on existing news stories.
Amplification - Is it a big event? Involves lots of people? Plane crash kills one or plane crash destroys city - what's more exciting?
Unambiguity - Is it clear and definite?
Uniqueness - 'Man bites dog' is more exciting than 'dog bites man'.
Simplicity - A simple story is easier to read.
Personalisation - Human interest draws on heart strings.
Predictability - Did people think there would be a riot and there was? People love knowing they were right.
Unexpectedness - Surprise.
Elite Nations / People - Celebs, Royals, US and UK.
Negativity - Man dies.
Familiarity - Local man dies.
Immediacy - Man just dies.
Continuity - Man still dies.
Amplification -
Unambiguity - Man dies.
Uniqueness -
Simplicity - Man dies.
Personalisation - Nice man dies.
Predictability -
Unexpectedness -
Elite Nations / People - Famous man dies.
Newspaper Semiotic Analysis
The Daily Telegraph Analysis:
- Lack of bright colours
- Formal language
- Focuses on politics
- Covers world issues, politics and Royal Family
- Traditional style suggests The Daily Telegraph supports the Conservative Party
- Small font, few pictures
- High quality pictures
Daily Mirror Analysis:
- Bright colours
- Informal language
- Focuses on gossip
- Covers politics, celebrities and Royal Family
- Red suggests Daily Mirror supports Labour Party
- Large font, many pictures
- Blurry picture suggests immediate and dramatic
- Eye-catching and chaotic layout
- Lack of bright colours
- Formal language
- Focuses on politics
- Covers world issues, politics and Royal Family
- Traditional style suggests The Daily Telegraph supports the Conservative Party
- Small font, few pictures
- High quality pictures
Daily Mirror Analysis:
- Bright colours
- Informal language
- Focuses on gossip
- Covers politics, celebrities and Royal Family
- Red suggests Daily Mirror supports Labour Party
- Large font, many pictures
- Blurry picture suggests immediate and dramatic
- Eye-catching and chaotic layout
Keywords
Masthead
Title of the newspaper displayed on the front page.
Caption
Brief text underneath an image describing the photograph or graph.
Headline
A phrase that summarises the main point of the article. Usually in large print and a different style to catch the attention of the reader.
Main Image
Dominant picture, often filling much of the front cover.
Stand First
Block of text that introduces the story, normally in a different style to the body text and headline.
Byline
Where the name of the reporter is included at the beginning of the article.
Standalone
Picture story that can exist on its own or on a front page leading to a story inside.
Splash
The main story.
Cross-head
Subheadings that appear in the text of the article.
Plug
Usually at top left and right hand corners of page displaying promotions, special offer or price of newspapers.
Semiotics
How meaning is constructed through language and codes.
Denotation
The straight forward or common sense meaning of a sign. Literally what is actually shown in a image.
Connotation
The extra, linked meaning that goes with any sign, or rather what the sign signifies.
Title of the newspaper displayed on the front page.
Caption
Brief text underneath an image describing the photograph or graph.
Headline
A phrase that summarises the main point of the article. Usually in large print and a different style to catch the attention of the reader.
Main Image
Dominant picture, often filling much of the front cover.
Stand First
Block of text that introduces the story, normally in a different style to the body text and headline.
Byline
Where the name of the reporter is included at the beginning of the article.
Standalone
Picture story that can exist on its own or on a front page leading to a story inside.
Splash
The main story.
Cross-head
Subheadings that appear in the text of the article.
Plug
Usually at top left and right hand corners of page displaying promotions, special offer or price of newspapers.
Semiotics
How meaning is constructed through language and codes.
Denotation
The straight forward or common sense meaning of a sign. Literally what is actually shown in a image.
Connotation
The extra, linked meaning that goes with any sign, or rather what the sign signifies.
Monday, September 9, 2019
Semiotics
Typography
Serif
A smaller line used to finish off a main stroke of a letter.
Sans serif
Means 'without' in French.
The font for the Daily Mirror is bold and all in capitals which suggests that it tries to be eye-catching to appeal to a wide target audience. The font for The Daily Telegraph, however, uses both uppercase and lowercase letters and looks much more traditional.
A Brief History of The Daily Mirror
- Founded in 1903 by Alfred Harmsworth.
- Sold to Lord Rothermere (his brother) in 1914.
- Was the best-selling daily tabloid in 1960.
- 1978 The Sun overtook The Mirror in circulation
- Piers Morgan was the editor between 1995 and 2004.
- Gave financial support to the 2003 anti-war protest.
A Brief History of The Daily Telegraph
- Founded by Arthur B. Sleigh in 1855 as The Daily Telegraph and Courier.
- A controversial interview with the German Kaiser in 1908 damaged Anglo-German relations which added to tensions in the build-up to WW1.
- During the Second World War, The Daily Telegraph covertly helped in the recruitment of code-breakers with their crossword as a test.
- Sunday Telegraph launched in 1960.
- 1.4 million readers in 1980.
Newspapers 1
There are two common types of newspapers:
- Tabloid
- Broadsheet
Tabloid example:
Broadsheet example:
- Tabloid
- Broadsheet
Tabloid example:
Broadsheet example:
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